king's evidence

דּוּק(cmp. דוּךְ) 1) to pound, beat; to powder. Bets14a, v. דּיּךְ.Part. Peil דָּיִיק powdered. Ib. b ד׳ טפי fine-powdered. Ḥull.51b, v. כִּיתְנָא, V. דְּקַק. 2) (cmp. בִּין, בָּקַר a. oth.) to examine carefully, to be particular, exact in expression; to pay special attention, to mind. Ib. 6a, a. fr. דָּק ואשכח he examined and found. Succ.8a לא דק he did not express himself exactly; a. fr.Part. דָּיֵיק careful. Keth.18b מֵידַק ד׳ he is very careful (as to what witnesses he uses). Yoma 83b הווה ד׳ בשמא minded a mans name (considering it an indication of his character). Ib. לא הוו דַיְיקֵי בשמא did not mind Ib. דַּיְיקִיתוּ ye mind.Part. Peil דָּיִיק (v. Pa.) proved, conclusive. B. Kam.3b those verses לא כמר דָּיְיקֵיוכ׳ are no evidence either for the one or the other.Denom. דֵּיקָא, דְּיוּקָא, דּוְקָא. Pa. דַּיֵּיק 1) to grind, to chew carefully. Sabb.155a bot. דדיְּיקָה ואכלה Ms. M. (ed. דדיקה באוכלא) she grinds her food carefully. 2) to argue by pressing a word, to analyze, prove. Keth.31b ד׳ מרישא takes his argument from the first clause; a. fr. 3) to calculate exactly. Targ. Y. Lev. 27:18. Ib. 25:50, v. דִּקְרֵק; a. e. Af. אוֹדִיק, אֲדִיק to be punctilious, get impatient. Koh. R. to III, 9 א׳ מלכא the king was irritated. Pesik. Bshall. p. 86b>; Yalk. Sam. 152 אוֹדִיקַת סרחוכ׳ Serah … grew angry; cmp. דִּקְדֵּק. 2) to examine, look with anxiety, wait attentively. Targ. Prov. 7:6. Targ. Ps. 14:2; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 17 אודיק … לקלהון R. … examined into the noise they made; Lev. R. s. 34; Yalk. Lev. 665; Yalk. Is. 352. Y.Keth.XVII, 35a top; Y.Kil.IX, 32b top א׳ לון תכ׳ Bar K. looked out for them (waiting for them to ask him).

דּוּק(cmp. דוּךְ) 1) to pound, beat; to powder. Bets14a, v. דּיּךְ.Part. Peil דָּיִיק powdered. Ib. b ד׳ טפי fine-powdered. Ḥull.51b, v. כִּיתְנָא, V. דְּקַק. 2) (cmp. בִּין, בָּקַר a. oth.) to examine carefully, to be particular, exact in expression; to pay special attention, to mind. Ib. 6a, a. fr. דָּק ואשכח he examined and found. Succ.8a לא דק he did not express himself exactly; a. fr.Part. דָּיֵיק careful. Keth.18b מֵידַק ד׳ he is very careful (as to what witnesses he uses). Yoma 83b הווה ד׳ בשמא minded a mans name (considering it an indication of his character). Ib. לא הוו דַיְיקֵי בשמא did not mind Ib. דַּיְיקִיתוּ ye mind.Part. Peil דָּיִיק (v. Pa.) proved, conclusive. B. Kam.3b those verses לא כמר דָּיְיקֵיוכ׳ are no evidence either for the one or the other.Denom. דֵּיקָא, דְּיוּקָא, דּוְקָא. Pa. דַּיֵּיק 1) to grind, to chew carefully. Sabb.155a bot. דדיְּיקָה ואכלה Ms. M. (ed. דדיקה באוכלא) she grinds her food carefully. 2) to argue by pressing a word, to analyze, prove. Keth.31b ד׳ מרישא takes his argument from the first clause; a. fr. 3) to calculate exactly. Targ. Y. Lev. 27:18. Ib. 25:50, v. דִּקְרֵק; a. e. Af. אוֹדִיק, אֲדִיק to be punctilious, get impatient. Koh. R. to III, 9 א׳ מלכא the king was irritated. Pesik. Bshall. p. 86b>; Yalk. Sam. 152 אוֹדִיקַת סרחוכ׳ Serah … grew angry; cmp. דִּקְדֵּק. 2) to examine, look with anxiety, wait attentively. Targ. Prov. 7:6. Targ. Ps. 14:2; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 17 אודיק … לקלהון R. … examined into the noise they made; Lev. R. s. 34; Yalk. Lev. 665; Yalk. Is. 352. Y.Keth.XVII, 35a top; Y.Kil.IX, 32b top א׳ לון תכ׳ Bar K. looked out for them (waiting for them to ask him).

נְפַקch. (corresp. to h. יצא) same, 1) to go out, come out; to result, end. Targ. O. 8:7 מִיפַּק ed. Berl. (oth. ed. a. Y. מֵיפַק); a. v. fr.Y.Ber.I, 2c top שרי מלכא נ׳ וכ׳ when the king begins to march out, even if he has not yet gone out, we say, he has gone out. Ib. 3c bot. הוינן נַפְקִין לתצניתא we went out for fast and prayer. Koh. R. to X, 8 מִינְּפַק ליה (= מן נ׳) after he came out. Y.Taan.IV, 69a מִנַּפְקִן when they came out; Lam. R. to II, 2 מן דנַפְקוּן. Y. l. c. לא נפקון טבאות (Matt. K. to Lam. R. l. c. לא נַפְקַת להון) they did not end well. Pesik. Bshall., p. 94a> וגוש חלבאי נפקיןוכ׳ and the men of Giscala went out after them with sticks ; Koh. R. to XI, 2 וגוש חלב אנפקין (corr. acc.); a. v. fr.Imperat. פּוּק. Targ. Gen. 8:16; a. fr.Erub.14b, a. e. פ׳ חזיוכ׳, v. דְּבַר. Sabb.106a, a. e. פ׳ תניוכ׳, v. בַּר I ch.Part. נָפֵיק. Targ. 1 Kings 15:17; v. next w.; a. fr.(כנ׳) כד לפיק ביה = h. כיוצא בו (v. יָצָא) similar to, corresponding. Targ. Y. II Gen. 2:18. Targ. Y. Deut. 14:8 (not כַּנְפֵיק, כַּנְפֵק).Y.Ber.VI, 10b bot. נ׳ אנא ידי חובתי do I do my duty?, v. יָצָא. Succ.36b ונ׳ בה and used it for doing his duty (for the ceremony of Ethrog).Y.Sabb.VI, 8a top, a. e. מה נָ׳ מן ביניהון what is the outcome from between them?, i. e. what is the difference between them in practice? נפקא מונהוכ׳ the practical difference is Bets.6b למאי נ׳ מינה in regard to what practice is there a difference (whether or not eggs found in a chicken can be hatched)? למקח וממכר it makes a difference in trade (if one bought eggs for breeding). Keth.72a מאי נ׳ לה מינה תיעביד what difference does it make to her? let her do it; a. v. fr.Tem.7a נ׳ ליהוכ׳ it is derived from the Biblical word Ib. תֵּיפוּק ליה זריקהוכ׳ let ‘sprinkling be derived from Gen. R. s. 52 ונְיפוֹק ידוי and do justice to it (to the verse to be explained), v. supra. 2) to take out, exclude. Sabb.74a ולֵיפוּק חדאוכ׳ let him take out one (of the enumerated categories) and insert another one. Ḥull.43a לא תִיפַּק, v. infraTarg. Am. 9:13, v. infra. Af. אַפֵּיק, Haf. הַנְפַּק 1) to lead forth, carry forth; to bring forth, produce; to derive; to take out, exclude. Targ. Ex. 16:3. Targ. Am. 9:13 במַפִּיק ed. Lag. (oth. ed. במִפַּק, corr. acc.). Targ. Job 15:13; a. fr.Ber.38a (ref. to המוציא in the benediction over bread) דא׳ משמע it means ‘who has brought forth; דמַפִּיק משמע it means ‘who brings forth. Ib. אַפִּיקוּ ליה ריפתא they brought out bread (and placed it) before him. Ib. (ref. to המוציא, Ex. 6:7) כד מַפִּיקְנָא לכו … דאַפֵּיקִיתוכ׳ when I lead you forth, I shall do for you a thing that you may know that it is I who led you forth. Sot.16b; R. Hash. 13a לא תַפִּיק נפשך יכ׳ do not let thyself go beyond the established rule. B. Bath.60a דהוה מַפְּיקוכ׳ which led to (opened towards) etc. Tem.3b מפיק שםוכ׳ utters the name of the Lord in vain. Ib. 7a מַפְּקִינָן לבמת יחיד we derive from it a rule for individual high-places.Ḥull.42b אַפֵּיק חדאוכ׳ take out one category and insert another. Ib. 43a top הנך דאַפְּקַת לא תַפִּיק Tosaf. (ed. לא תיפק) the two which thou didst exclude, do not exclude; a. v. fr.לְאַפּוּקֵי or לַאֲפוּקֵי to the exclusion of, v. אַפֵּק. 2) to take out by legal decision; to collect; to claim. Keth.76b מייתי אב ראיה ומפיק the father brings evidence and gets a verdict for collecting, opp. ומוקים for letting the money stand where it is. Y.Gitt.I, end, 43d ואַפְּקוּן מיניה and collected from him. Ib. בעון מִיפְּקָא (v. supra Pe. 2) they wanted to collect. Y.Shebu.VII, 38a top אתון ואַפְּקוּן דלאוכ׳ they came and claimed that he had not given them anything; a. fr. Ittaf. אִיתַּפַּק, Ithaf. אִתְאַפַּק to be carried forth. Targ. Gen. 38:25; a. fr.Y.Gitt.VI, 48a bot. אתא׳ למקטלא was led out to be executed.

נְפַקch. (corresp. to h. יצא) same, 1) to go out, come out; to result, end. Targ. O. 8:7 מִיפַּק ed. Berl. (oth. ed. a. Y. מֵיפַק); a. v. fr.Y.Ber.I, 2c top שרי מלכא נ׳ וכ׳ when the king begins to march out, even if he has not yet gone out, we say, he has gone out. Ib. 3c bot. הוינן נַפְקִין לתצניתא we went out for fast and prayer. Koh. R. to X, 8 מִינְּפַק ליה (= מן נ׳) after he came out. Y.Taan.IV, 69a מִנַּפְקִן when they came out; Lam. R. to II, 2 מן דנַפְקוּן. Y. l. c. לא נפקון טבאות (Matt. K. to Lam. R. l. c. לא נַפְקַת להון) they did not end well. Pesik. Bshall., p. 94a> וגוש חלבאי נפקיןוכ׳ and the men of Giscala went out after them with sticks ; Koh. R. to XI, 2 וגוש חלב אנפקין (corr. acc.); a. v. fr.Imperat. פּוּק. Targ. Gen. 8:16; a. fr.Erub.14b, a. e. פ׳ חזיוכ׳, v. דְּבַר. Sabb.106a, a. e. פ׳ תניוכ׳, v. בַּר I ch.Part. נָפֵיק. Targ. 1 Kings 15:17; v. next w.; a. fr.(כנ׳) כד לפיק ביה = h. כיוצא בו (v. יָצָא) similar to, corresponding. Targ. Y. II Gen. 2:18. Targ. Y. Deut. 14:8 (not כַּנְפֵיק, כַּנְפֵק).Y.Ber.VI, 10b bot. נ׳ אנא ידי חובתי do I do my duty?, v. יָצָא. Succ.36b ונ׳ בה and used it for doing his duty (for the ceremony of Ethrog).Y.Sabb.VI, 8a top, a. e. מה נָ׳ מן ביניהון what is the outcome from between them?, i. e. what is the difference between them in practice? נפקא מונהוכ׳ the practical difference is Bets.6b למאי נ׳ מינה in regard to what practice is there a difference (whether or not eggs found in a chicken can be hatched)? למקח וממכר it makes a difference in trade (if one bought eggs for breeding). Keth.72a מאי נ׳ לה מינה תיעביד what difference does it make to her? let her do it; a. v. fr.Tem.7a נ׳ ליהוכ׳ it is derived from the Biblical word Ib. תֵּיפוּק ליה זריקהוכ׳ let ‘sprinkling be derived from Gen. R. s. 52 ונְיפוֹק ידוי and do justice to it (to the verse to be explained), v. supra. 2) to take out, exclude. Sabb.74a ולֵיפוּק חדאוכ׳ let him take out one (of the enumerated categories) and insert another one. Ḥull.43a לא תִיפַּק, v. infraTarg. Am. 9:13, v. infra. Af. אַפֵּיק, Haf. הַנְפַּק 1) to lead forth, carry forth; to bring forth, produce; to derive; to take out, exclude. Targ. Ex. 16:3. Targ. Am. 9:13 במַפִּיק ed. Lag. (oth. ed. במִפַּק, corr. acc.). Targ. Job 15:13; a. fr.Ber.38a (ref. to המוציא in the benediction over bread) דא׳ משמע it means ‘who has brought forth; דמַפִּיק משמע it means ‘who brings forth. Ib. אַפִּיקוּ ליה ריפתא they brought out bread (and placed it) before him. Ib. (ref. to המוציא, Ex. 6:7) כד מַפִּיקְנָא לכו … דאַפֵּיקִיתוכ׳ when I lead you forth, I shall do for you a thing that you may know that it is I who led you forth. Sot.16b; R. Hash. 13a לא תַפִּיק נפשך יכ׳ do not let thyself go beyond the established rule. B. Bath.60a דהוה מַפְּיקוכ׳ which led to (opened towards) etc. Tem.3b מפיק שםוכ׳ utters the name of the Lord in vain. Ib. 7a מַפְּקִינָן לבמת יחיד we derive from it a rule for individual high-places.Ḥull.42b אַפֵּיק חדאוכ׳ take out one category and insert another. Ib. 43a top הנך דאַפְּקַת לא תַפִּיק Tosaf. (ed. לא תיפק) the two which thou didst exclude, do not exclude; a. v. fr.לְאַפּוּקֵי or לַאֲפוּקֵי to the exclusion of, v. אַפֵּק. 2) to take out by legal decision; to collect; to claim. Keth.76b מייתי אב ראיה ומפיק the father brings evidence and gets a verdict for collecting, opp. ומוקים for letting the money stand where it is. Y.Gitt.I, end, 43d ואַפְּקוּן מיניה and collected from him. Ib. בעון מִיפְּקָא (v. supra Pe. 2) they wanted to collect. Y.Shebu.VII, 38a top אתון ואַפְּקוּן דלאוכ׳ they came and claimed that he had not given them anything; a. fr. Ittaf. אִיתַּפַּק, Ithaf. אִתְאַפַּק to be carried forth. Targ. Gen. 38:25; a. fr.Y.Gitt.VI, 48a bot. אתא׳ למקטלא was led out to be executed.

עָבַר(b. h.) 1) to be thick, swell; to run over. Par. VI, 4 כדי שיַעַבְרוּ המיםוכ׳ that the water may overflow into a vessel; a. e.Ex. R. s. 15 שאני עוֹבֵר, v. עֶבְרָה. 2) (cmp. סְגֵי I a. II) to pass, to cross. Tosef.Sot.VIII, 1; Sot.33b כיצד עָבְרוּ ישראל אתוכ׳ in what manner did the Israelites cross the Jordan? Cant. R. to V, 13 עוֹבֵר הוא וחוזרוכ׳ he goes over his studies once and again ; a. fr.ע׳ את הדין to cross the line of justice, to be too severe. Midd. II, 2 כאילו עברו עליווכ׳ as if they had treated him too severely (arbitrarily). Ex. R. s. 30 כשם שאני יכול לַעֲבוֹר … ואני איני מַעֲבִירוכ׳ as I (the Lord) have power to treat the nations with rigor, but refrain from doing so, so shall you not go beyond the line of justice. Ib. עִיבְּרָה את הדין (Pi.); a. e. 3) (with על) to pass over (a sin); to forgive. Cant. R. to V, 5 (play on מור עובר, ib.) מר עובר ע׳ על מררי the bitterness passes away, he (the Lord) passes over my bitterness (sin). R. Hash. 17a (ref. To Mic. 7:18) למי נושא עון למי שעובר על פשע whose iniquity does he pardon? the iniquity of him who forgives (his neighbors) transgression; a. e. 4) to transgress, sin. Yoma 86b, a. e. כיון שע׳ אדם עבירה ושנהוכ׳ as soon as a man has committed a sin and repeated it, it becomes to him a permitted act. Ib. a, a. e. ע׳ על עשה when one has transgressed a positive law (committed a sin of omission). Ib. ע׳ על כריתותוכ׳ when one has committed sins punishable with extinction or death by a court. Erub.100a, a. fr. עובר על בלוכ׳, v. בַּל. Keth.VII, 6 העוֹבֶרֶת על דתוכ׳ if a wife offends against Mosaic or Jewish customs, v. דַּת; Y. ib. VII, 31c top נשים המְעַבְּרוֹת על הדת (Pi.); a. v. fr. 5) to pass, overtake, precede. Pes.7b כל המצות מברך עליהן עובר לעשייתן in the performance of all religious ceremonies one must say the benediction over them before doing them; מאי משמע דהאי עובר לישנא דאקדומי היא what evidence is there that this ‘ober has the meaning of precedence? Answ. by ref. to ויעבר (2 Sam. 18:23) ‘and he arrived before the Cushite. 6) to pass by, go away, be removed. Pes.III, 1 אלו עוֹבְרִין בפסח the following things must pass away (their use must be suspended) during Passover. Bets.26a, a. fr. מום עובר a transitory blemish, opp. קבוע. Ber.26a ע׳ יומו בטל קרבנו when its day is passed, the sacrifice of the day is void. Pes.II, 2 חמץ … שע׳ עליו הפסח leavened matter … over which Passover has passed (which had been in the house during Passover). Ber.IX, 3 הצועק לַשֶּׁעָבַרוכ׳ praying for what is passed (decided) is a vain prayer, e. g. if ones wife is with child, and one prays, may it be the will of God that my wife bear a male child; Y.Taan.II, 65c bot. נותן הודייה לשעבר וצועקוכ׳ one gives thanks for what is passed, and prays for what is to come. Gitt.VII, 7 כל זמן שאֱעֶבוֹר מכנגד פניךוכ׳ as soon as I shall have been out of thy sight for thirty days; Tosef. ib. VII (V), 10. Keth.17a ע׳ מלפני כלה he passed aside to make room for a bridal procession. Yoma 66a, a. e. חטאת שעָבְרָה שנתה a sin-offering whose year is passed (that is older than one year); Tem.22a שעִיבְּרָה שנתה (Pi.) whose year is completed (v. infra). Ib. 21b בכור שעברה שנתו a first-born animal older than one year; R. Hash. 5b; Zeb.29a bot. שעיברה; Tosef.Snh.III, 6 בכור שעיברה זמנו ed. Zuck. (read with Var.: שעבר). Keth.87a על שֶׁעָ׳ as regards the past, v. עָתִיד; a. v. fr.לַשֶּׁעָ׳ in former days. Gen. R. s. 47, opp. עַכְשָׁיו; a. fr. Hif. חֶעֱבִיר 1) to lead past, stroke gently. Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 23 (read:) מַעֲבִירִין על גבי העין בשבת you are permitted to stroke a sore eye on the Sabbath; Y. ib. XIV, 14c bot. מעבירין על העין. Ib. הֶעֱבִירוּ עליו כלים they passed garments over it. 2) to cause to pass; to remove, displace. Keth.17a מַעֲבִירִין את המת מלפני כלהוכ׳ a funeral procession is made to make way for a bridal procession, and both of them for the king, v. supra. Gitt.57b שאין אנו מעבירין אותו באל אחר that we shall never displace him for another god; שאין מַעֲבִיר אותנווכ׳ that he will never displace us for another nation. Ex. R. s. 30 כאילו היא מעביר איקיניןוכ׳ as if he removed (defaced) the kings portrait; a. fr. 3) to go beyond. Ib. איני מעבירוכ׳, v. supra. Ib. הבריות מעבירין על הדיןוכ׳ men go beyond the line of justice (are treacherous, cruel), and they are punished; a. e. 4) to skip over; to forego, postpone.ה׳ על מדותיו, v. מִדָּה.Yoma 33a; 58b, a. fr. אין מעבירין על המצות you must not forego the occasion for performing a religious act. Erub.64b אין מעבירין על האוכלין you must not pass by eatables (and let them lie in the street); B. Mets.23a; a. fr. 5) to forego, overlook, pardon. R. Hash. 17a (ref. to Mic. 7:18) מעביר ראשון ראשין וכך היא המדה (Ms. M. על ראשוןוכ׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he pardons one sin after the other (before they are put on the scale), and such is the divine dealing. Ib. מעבירין לו על כל פשעיו all his transgressions are pardoned; a. fr. 6) to cause to forego or disregard. Erub.41b שלשה דברים מעבירין … עלוכ׳ three things make a man disregard his own sense (of right) and the sense of his Maker; a. e. Pi. עִיבֵּר 1) to be completed, full. Tem.22a, a. e., v. supra. 2) to transgress repeatedly. Y.Keth.VII, 31c top, v. supra. 3) to go beyond. Ex. R. l. c. עיברה את הדין, v. supra. Tosef.B. Kam. VI, 22 שעיברה הדליקה עד, read with Y. ib. VII, 5c. שעברה … את. 4) (v. עוּבָּר) to carry, be with young. Kidd.31b כי עִבַּרְתּוֹ אמווכ׳ while his mother was pregnant with him, his father died. Tosef.B. Kam. X, 1 ועִיבְּרָה אצלו (B. Kam.IX, 1 ונִתְעַבְּרָה) and the cow became pregnant while she was in his possession. Ḥull.58a; a. fr.Part. pass. f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת; pl. מְעוּבָּרוֹת pregnant. Yeb.XVI, 1. Ib. 36b, a. e. מע׳ חבירו a woman who is with child of another man (divorced or widowed during pregnancy). Gen. R. s. 85 מלכים אני מע׳ גיאלים אני מע׳ I am pregnant with kings, with redeemers (kings and redeemers are destined to be of my offspring). Yeb.III, 10; a. fr. 4) (v. עִיבּוּר) to extend the city limits, for the purpose of defining Sabbath distances, in cases of buildings projecting beyond the city lines (outskirts). Erub.V, 1 כיצד מְעַבְּרִיןוכ׳ (v. אָבַר), defined ib. 53a; Y. ib. V, beg.22b; Y.Ber.VII, 12c top כאשה עוברה like a pregnant woman; Tosef. ib. VI (V), 1; a. e. 6) to complement, add to, esp. to intercalate a month, (second Adar); proclaim a leap year; to complement a month (v. מָלֵא) by assigning to it an additional day (thirty days). Tosef.Snh.II, 1 שנים אומרים צריכה לְעַבֵּר if two judges say, it is necessary to intercalate a month. Ib. 2 על שלשה סימנים מעבריןוכ׳ on three indications the intercalation is decided; על שנים מעבריןוכ׳ when two of them exist, the intercalation is decreed. Ib. ואם עִיבְּרוּהָ הרי זו מעוברת but if they proclaimed it a leap-year, it remains a leap-year; a. fr.Part. pass. מְעוּבָּר; f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת. R. Hash. 19b אלול מע׳ an Elul of thirty days. Snh.11b אינה מע׳ the year is not a leap-year (the declared intercalation is invalid); a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְעַבֵּר, Nithpa. נִתְעַבֵּר 1) to swell (with anger), to become wroth. Sifré Num. 135 (expl. ויתעבר, Deut. 3:26) כאדם שאומר נ׳ בי פלוני נתמלאוכ׳ as a man says, that man (became full) got wroth with me, meaning, he was filled with wrath against me; Yalk. Deut. 818; Sifré Deut. 29 כאשה שאינה יכולה לשוח מפני עוברה ( swelled,) like a woman that cannot bend down on account of the child she is pregnant with; v. עֶבְרָה. 2) to become pregnant. Gen. R. s. 45 מביאה … נִתְעַבְּרָה she conceived on her first intercourse; אין אשה מִתְעַבֶּרֶתוכ׳ no woman conceives on ; Yeb.34a. Ib. b כדי שלא תִתְעַבֵּרוכ׳ that she may not become with child, and her beauty, v. כָּחַש. B. Kam.IX, 1 ונתעברה אצלו, v. supra; a. fr. 3) to be extended, to be consolidated into one township. Y.Erub.V, 22b bot. יכול אני … בית מעון מתעברתוכ׳ I can cause Beth Ma‘on and Tiberias to be considered one township (as regards Sabbath distances). 4) to be added to, to be proclaimed a full month (of thirty days), a leap-year (of thirteen months). Y.R. Hash. III, beg. 58c ניסן לא נ׳ מימיו Nisan was never made a full month (by decree of the court); Y.Shebi.X, beg.39b; a. e.Snh.12a ראויה … שתִּתְעַבֵּר that year ought to have been a leap-year. B. Mets. נִתְעַבְּרָה השנה נתע׳ לשוכר if the year was made a leap-year, the tenant (that rented by the year) reaps the benefit of the intercalation. R. Hash. 19b; a. fr. Nif. נֶעֱבַר (with עֲבֵרָה) to be committed. Tosef.B. Kam. X, 3 בהמה ונֶעֶבְרָה בה עבירה if one stole a beast, and some sinful act was committed on it (by which it became forbidden for any benefit); (B. Kam.IX, 2, a. fr. נעבדה … עבירה).

עָבַר(b. h.) 1) to be thick, swell; to run over. Par. VI, 4 כדי שיַעַבְרוּ המיםוכ׳ that the water may overflow into a vessel; a. e.Ex. R. s. 15 שאני עוֹבֵר, v. עֶבְרָה. 2) (cmp. סְגֵי I a. II) to pass, to cross. Tosef.Sot.VIII, 1; Sot.33b כיצד עָבְרוּ ישראל אתוכ׳ in what manner did the Israelites cross the Jordan? Cant. R. to V, 13 עוֹבֵר הוא וחוזרוכ׳ he goes over his studies once and again ; a. fr.ע׳ את הדין to cross the line of justice, to be too severe. Midd. II, 2 כאילו עברו עליווכ׳ as if they had treated him too severely (arbitrarily). Ex. R. s. 30 כשם שאני יכול לַעֲבוֹר … ואני איני מַעֲבִירוכ׳ as I (the Lord) have power to treat the nations with rigor, but refrain from doing so, so shall you not go beyond the line of justice. Ib. עִיבְּרָה את הדין (Pi.); a. e. 3) (with על) to pass over (a sin); to forgive. Cant. R. to V, 5 (play on מור עובר, ib.) מר עובר ע׳ על מררי the bitterness passes away, he (the Lord) passes over my bitterness (sin). R. Hash. 17a (ref. To Mic. 7:18) למי נושא עון למי שעובר על פשע whose iniquity does he pardon? the iniquity of him who forgives (his neighbors) transgression; a. e. 4) to transgress, sin. Yoma 86b, a. e. כיון שע׳ אדם עבירה ושנהוכ׳ as soon as a man has committed a sin and repeated it, it becomes to him a permitted act. Ib. a, a. e. ע׳ על עשה when one has transgressed a positive law (committed a sin of omission). Ib. ע׳ על כריתותוכ׳ when one has committed sins punishable with extinction or death by a court. Erub.100a, a. fr. עובר על בלוכ׳, v. בַּל. Keth.VII, 6 העוֹבֶרֶת על דתוכ׳ if a wife offends against Mosaic or Jewish customs, v. דַּת; Y. ib. VII, 31c top נשים המְעַבְּרוֹת על הדת (Pi.); a. v. fr. 5) to pass, overtake, precede. Pes.7b כל המצות מברך עליהן עובר לעשייתן in the performance of all religious ceremonies one must say the benediction over them before doing them; מאי משמע דהאי עובר לישנא דאקדומי היא what evidence is there that this ‘ober has the meaning of precedence? Answ. by ref. to ויעבר (2 Sam. 18:23) ‘and he arrived before the Cushite. 6) to pass by, go away, be removed. Pes.III, 1 אלו עוֹבְרִין בפסח the following things must pass away (their use must be suspended) during Passover. Bets.26a, a. fr. מום עובר a transitory blemish, opp. קבוע. Ber.26a ע׳ יומו בטל קרבנו when its day is passed, the sacrifice of the day is void. Pes.II, 2 חמץ … שע׳ עליו הפסח leavened matter … over which Passover has passed (which had been in the house during Passover). Ber.IX, 3 הצועק לַשֶּׁעָבַרוכ׳ praying for what is passed (decided) is a vain prayer, e. g. if ones wife is with child, and one prays, may it be the will of God that my wife bear a male child; Y.Taan.II, 65c bot. נותן הודייה לשעבר וצועקוכ׳ one gives thanks for what is passed, and prays for what is to come. Gitt.VII, 7 כל זמן שאֱעֶבוֹר מכנגד פניךוכ׳ as soon as I shall have been out of thy sight for thirty days; Tosef. ib. VII (V), 10. Keth.17a ע׳ מלפני כלה he passed aside to make room for a bridal procession. Yoma 66a, a. e. חטאת שעָבְרָה שנתה a sin-offering whose year is passed (that is older than one year); Tem.22a שעִיבְּרָה שנתה (Pi.) whose year is completed (v. infra). Ib. 21b בכור שעברה שנתו a first-born animal older than one year; R. Hash. 5b; Zeb.29a bot. שעיברה; Tosef.Snh.III, 6 בכור שעיברה זמנו ed. Zuck. (read with Var.: שעבר). Keth.87a על שֶׁעָ׳ as regards the past, v. עָתִיד; a. v. fr.לַשֶּׁעָ׳ in former days. Gen. R. s. 47, opp. עַכְשָׁיו; a. fr. Hif. חֶעֱבִיר 1) to lead past, stroke gently. Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 23 (read:) מַעֲבִירִין על גבי העין בשבת you are permitted to stroke a sore eye on the Sabbath; Y. ib. XIV, 14c bot. מעבירין על העין. Ib. הֶעֱבִירוּ עליו כלים they passed garments over it. 2) to cause to pass; to remove, displace. Keth.17a מַעֲבִירִין את המת מלפני כלהוכ׳ a funeral procession is made to make way for a bridal procession, and both of them for the king, v. supra. Gitt.57b שאין אנו מעבירין אותו באל אחר that we shall never displace him for another god; שאין מַעֲבִיר אותנווכ׳ that he will never displace us for another nation. Ex. R. s. 30 כאילו היא מעביר איקיניןוכ׳ as if he removed (defaced) the kings portrait; a. fr. 3) to go beyond. Ib. איני מעבירוכ׳, v. supra. Ib. הבריות מעבירין על הדיןוכ׳ men go beyond the line of justice (are treacherous, cruel), and they are punished; a. e. 4) to skip over; to forego, postpone.ה׳ על מדותיו, v. מִדָּה.Yoma 33a; 58b, a. fr. אין מעבירין על המצות you must not forego the occasion for performing a religious act. Erub.64b אין מעבירין על האוכלין you must not pass by eatables (and let them lie in the street); B. Mets.23a; a. fr. 5) to forego, overlook, pardon. R. Hash. 17a (ref. to Mic. 7:18) מעביר ראשון ראשין וכך היא המדה (Ms. M. על ראשוןוכ׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he pardons one sin after the other (before they are put on the scale), and such is the divine dealing. Ib. מעבירין לו על כל פשעיו all his transgressions are pardoned; a. fr. 6) to cause to forego or disregard. Erub.41b שלשה דברים מעבירין … עלוכ׳ three things make a man disregard his own sense (of right) and the sense of his Maker; a. e. Pi. עִיבֵּר 1) to be completed, full. Tem.22a, a. e., v. supra. 2) to transgress repeatedly. Y.Keth.VII, 31c top, v. supra. 3) to go beyond. Ex. R. l. c. עיברה את הדין, v. supra. Tosef.B. Kam. VI, 22 שעיברה הדליקה עד, read with Y. ib. VII, 5c. שעברה … את. 4) (v. עוּבָּר) to carry, be with young. Kidd.31b כי עִבַּרְתּוֹ אמווכ׳ while his mother was pregnant with him, his father died. Tosef.B. Kam. X, 1 ועִיבְּרָה אצלו (B. Kam.IX, 1 ונִתְעַבְּרָה) and the cow became pregnant while she was in his possession. Ḥull.58a; a. fr.Part. pass. f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת; pl. מְעוּבָּרוֹת pregnant. Yeb.XVI, 1. Ib. 36b, a. e. מע׳ חבירו a woman who is with child of another man (divorced or widowed during pregnancy). Gen. R. s. 85 מלכים אני מע׳ גיאלים אני מע׳ I am pregnant with kings, with redeemers (kings and redeemers are destined to be of my offspring). Yeb.III, 10; a. fr. 4) (v. עִיבּוּר) to extend the city limits, for the purpose of defining Sabbath distances, in cases of buildings projecting beyond the city lines (outskirts). Erub.V, 1 כיצד מְעַבְּרִיןוכ׳ (v. אָבַר), defined ib. 53a; Y. ib. V, beg.22b; Y.Ber.VII, 12c top כאשה עוברה like a pregnant woman; Tosef. ib. VI (V), 1; a. e. 6) to complement, add to, esp. to intercalate a month, (second Adar); proclaim a leap year; to complement a month (v. מָלֵא) by assigning to it an additional day (thirty days). Tosef.Snh.II, 1 שנים אומרים צריכה לְעַבֵּר if two judges say, it is necessary to intercalate a month. Ib. 2 על שלשה סימנים מעבריןוכ׳ on three indications the intercalation is decided; על שנים מעבריןוכ׳ when two of them exist, the intercalation is decreed. Ib. ואם עִיבְּרוּהָ הרי זו מעוברת but if they proclaimed it a leap-year, it remains a leap-year; a. fr.Part. pass. מְעוּבָּר; f. מְעוּבֶּרֶת. R. Hash. 19b אלול מע׳ an Elul of thirty days. Snh.11b אינה מע׳ the year is not a leap-year (the declared intercalation is invalid); a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְעַבֵּר, Nithpa. נִתְעַבֵּר 1) to swell (with anger), to become wroth. Sifré Num. 135 (expl. ויתעבר, Deut. 3:26) כאדם שאומר נ׳ בי פלוני נתמלאוכ׳ as a man says, that man (became full) got wroth with me, meaning, he was filled with wrath against me; Yalk. Deut. 818; Sifré Deut. 29 כאשה שאינה יכולה לשוח מפני עוברה ( swelled,) like a woman that cannot bend down on account of the child she is pregnant with; v. עֶבְרָה. 2) to become pregnant. Gen. R. s. 45 מביאה … נִתְעַבְּרָה she conceived on her first intercourse; אין אשה מִתְעַבֶּרֶתוכ׳ no woman conceives on ; Yeb.34a. Ib. b כדי שלא תִתְעַבֵּרוכ׳ that she may not become with child, and her beauty, v. כָּחַש. B. Kam.IX, 1 ונתעברה אצלו, v. supra; a. fr. 3) to be extended, to be consolidated into one township. Y.Erub.V, 22b bot. יכול אני … בית מעון מתעברתוכ׳ I can cause Beth Ma‘on and Tiberias to be considered one township (as regards Sabbath distances). 4) to be added to, to be proclaimed a full month (of thirty days), a leap-year (of thirteen months). Y.R. Hash. III, beg. 58c ניסן לא נ׳ מימיו Nisan was never made a full month (by decree of the court); Y.Shebi.X, beg.39b; a. e.Snh.12a ראויה … שתִּתְעַבֵּר that year ought to have been a leap-year. B. Mets. נִתְעַבְּרָה השנה נתע׳ לשוכר if the year was made a leap-year, the tenant (that rented by the year) reaps the benefit of the intercalation. R. Hash. 19b; a. fr. Nif. נֶעֱבַר (with עֲבֵרָה) to be committed. Tosef.B. Kam. X, 3 בהמה ונֶעֶבְרָה בה עבירה if one stole a beast, and some sinful act was committed on it (by which it became forbidden for any benefit); (B. Kam.IX, 2, a. fr. נעבדה … עבירה).

צִמְצֵם( Pilp. of צָמַם) 1) to contract; to press, squeeze in, force into close confinement. Snh.76b לרבות את המְצַמְצֵם this includes him who caused the death of a person by forcing him into a place whence he could not escape. Ib. 77a בנזקין … מצמצם in cases of damages the Law does not condemn him who causes damage through confinement (e. g. by placing an animal where it was exposed to sunstroke). Pesik. Baḥod., p. 152a> מצמצם שכינתו ביניהם forces his Divine Presence into their midst; ib. Vayhi, p. 5a>. Gen. R. s. 5; Lev. R. s. 10 צִימְצְמָן ביןוכ׳ he crowded them (the priests) between the two bars of the Ark (cmp. צָמַד); a. e.Part. pass. מְצוּמְצָם; f. מְצוּמְצֶמֶת; pl. מְצוּמְצָמִין; מְצוּמְצָמוֹת. Ib. s. 11 (in Chaid. dict.) אנא חמיתיה מצ׳ ביניהון I saw it (the Divine Presence) confined in the midst of them (the elders); Yalk. Prov. 964. Lev. R. s. 14 ושאר איבריו מצ׳ בווכ׳ and the rest of its (the embryos) limbs are pressed together like a shapeless lump; (Y.Nidd.III, 50d מצומתים), v. גּוֹלֶם. 2) to press against, hide behind. Pesik. Sos, p. 147b> (ref. to Is. 61:10 ככלה) כיון … היו מְצַמְצְמִין עצמןוכ׳ when the Israelites stood at Mount Sinai they pressed themselves (against one another, in reverence) like a bride (when she undresses), opening one (part of her garment) and holding together another Part. Cant. R. to IV, 10 the Ten Commandments שהיו מצמצמים עליהן ככלה (sub. עצמן) at receiving which they hid themselves like a bride. Gen. R. s. 45 end והיתה … וצִימְצְמָה פניהוכ׳ she leaned on her maid and pressed her face (against her), so that the king could not see her ; Yalk. ib. 80. Cant. R. to VI, 5 הלכה וצמצמה פניה אחורי העמוד she went and pressed her face (hid herself) behind a column; a. e. 3) ( to press the eye) to observe closely; to define exactly. Bekh.II, 6 (17a) אי אפשר לצַמְצֵם (Mish. ed. אי אפשר only) it is impossible to ascertain exactly (that both heads came forth simultaneously). Ib. 17b אפשר לצַ׳ בידי שמים it is possible to ascertain simultaneity in natural processes; א״א לצַ׳ בידי אדם it is impossible to ascertain simultaneity in human actions. Shebu.32a (ref. to כפרו שניהן כאחת, Mish. IV, 4) הא אי איפשר לצַ׳ but is it not impossible to ascertain simultaneity (of evidence of two witnesses)? Ib.; Ḥull.28b חלקו … לפי שא״א לצ׳ if he divided the stove into two equal parts, both are unclean, because it is impossible to make an exactly even division; a. fr.Y.Erub.V, 22c שתהא החמה מְצַמְצֶמֶת בו באחדוכ׳ that the sun should shine on it exactly in the first moment of the solstice of Tebeth and of that of Tammuz.Part. pass. as ab. Y.Ḥall.I, 57d bot. חמשת … מצ׳ exactly five quarts. Y.Sabb.II, 5a top שלש על שלש מצ׳ exactly three by three (handbreadths). Gitt.7a אם … שמזונותיו מצ׳ if a man sees that his means of support are getting scanty; a. fr. 4) to stint, save, v. צָמַת.

צִמְצֵם( Pilp. of צָמַם) 1) to contract; to press, squeeze in, force into close confinement. Snh.76b לרבות את המְצַמְצֵם this includes him who caused the death of a person by forcing him into a place whence he could not escape. Ib. 77a בנזקין … מצמצם in cases of damages the Law does not condemn him who causes damage through confinement (e. g. by placing an animal where it was exposed to sunstroke). Pesik. Baḥod., p. 152a> מצמצם שכינתו ביניהם forces his Divine Presence into their midst; ib. Vayhi, p. 5a>. Gen. R. s. 5; Lev. R. s. 10 צִימְצְמָן ביןוכ׳ he crowded them (the priests) between the two bars of the Ark (cmp. צָמַד); a. e.Part. pass. מְצוּמְצָם; f. מְצוּמְצֶמֶת; pl. מְצוּמְצָמִין; מְצוּמְצָמוֹת. Ib. s. 11 (in Chaid. dict.) אנא חמיתיה מצ׳ ביניהון I saw it (the Divine Presence) confined in the midst of them (the elders); Yalk. Prov. 964. Lev. R. s. 14 ושאר איבריו מצ׳ בווכ׳ and the rest of its (the embryos) limbs are pressed together like a shapeless lump; (Y.Nidd.III, 50d מצומתים), v. גּוֹלֶם. 2) to press against, hide behind. Pesik. Sos, p. 147b> (ref. to Is. 61:10 ככלה) כיון … היו מְצַמְצְמִין עצמןוכ׳ when the Israelites stood at Mount Sinai they pressed themselves (against one another, in reverence) like a bride (when she undresses), opening one (part of her garment) and holding together another Part. Cant. R. to IV, 10 the Ten Commandments שהיו מצמצמים עליהן ככלה (sub. עצמן) at receiving which they hid themselves like a bride. Gen. R. s. 45 end והיתה … וצִימְצְמָה פניהוכ׳ she leaned on her maid and pressed her face (against her), so that the king could not see her ; Yalk. ib. 80. Cant. R. to VI, 5 הלכה וצמצמה פניה אחורי העמוד she went and pressed her face (hid herself) behind a column; a. e. 3) ( to press the eye) to observe closely; to define exactly. Bekh.II, 6 (17a) אי אפשר לצַמְצֵם (Mish. ed. אי אפשר only) it is impossible to ascertain exactly (that both heads came forth simultaneously). Ib. 17b אפשר לצַ׳ בידי שמים it is possible to ascertain simultaneity in natural processes; א״א לצַ׳ בידי אדם it is impossible to ascertain simultaneity in human actions. Shebu.32a (ref. to כפרו שניהן כאחת, Mish. IV, 4) הא אי איפשר לצַ׳ but is it not impossible to ascertain simultaneity (of evidence of two witnesses)? Ib.; Ḥull.28b חלקו … לפי שא״א לצ׳ if he divided the stove into two equal parts, both are unclean, because it is impossible to make an exactly even division; a. fr.Y.Erub.V, 22c שתהא החמה מְצַמְצֶמֶת בו באחדוכ׳ that the sun should shine on it exactly in the first moment of the solstice of Tebeth and of that of Tammuz.Part. pass. as ab. Y.Ḥall.I, 57d bot. חמשת … מצ׳ exactly five quarts. Y.Sabb.II, 5a top שלש על שלש מצ׳ exactly three by three (handbreadths). Gitt.7a אם … שמזונותיו מצ׳ if a man sees that his means of support are getting scanty; a. fr. 4) to stint, save, v. צָמַת.